Asthma (from the Greek άσθμα, ásthma , panting ) is the common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm . Symptoms include wheezing , coughing , chest tightness, and shortness of breath . Asthma is clinically classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( FEV1 ), and peak expiratory flow rate . Asthma may also be classified as atopic (extrinsic) or non-atopic (intrinsic). It is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms can be prevented by avoiding triggers, such as allergens and irritants , and by inhaling corticosteroids . Leukotriene antagonists are less effective than corticosteroids and thus less preferred. Its diagnosis is usually made based on the pattern of symptoms and/or response to therapy over time. Despite this, with proper control of asthma with step down therapy, prognosis is generally good.
Asthma